At Grounded Lifestyles, we get asked one of the most common gem and mineral show questions:
“What is the difference between a tektite and a meteorite?”
The quick answer:
A meteorite is a metallic or stony body that survives its fiery journey through Earth’s atmosphere, while a tektite is a small, dark, glassy object formed from Earth material melted by a meteorite impact, thrown into the atmosphere, cooled, and then re-entered to strike the ground.
This article focuses on tektites—their origins, locations, varieties, and identifying features. For the full story, we recommend reading our companion article on meteorites.
What Are Tektites?
Tektites are rare impact glasses created when a large meteorite collides with silica-rich soil. The intense heat melts terrestrial rock, which is then ejected into space, partially cooled, and re-enters Earth’s atmosphere at high velocity. The result is a uniquely shaped, aerodynamically smoothed piece of natural glass with no water content.
The term comes from the Greek word tektos, meaning “molten.” Ancient Chinese writings from over 1,000 years ago refer to them as the “Inkstone of the Thunder God.”
How Tektites Form
- Meteorite impact on silica-rich ground.
- Molten rock ejecta launched into space.
- Cooling and shaping in the upper atmosphere.
- Re-entry causing partial melting and distinctive aerodynamic forms.
- Final landing, where weathering further textures the surface.
To qualify as a true tektite, scientists look for very specific conditions:
- Impact crater over 10 km in diameter.
- Strewn fields 300 km wide and located 200–5,000 km from the impact site.
Where Tektites Are Found
Tektites occur in strewn fields—vast areas scattered with impact glass. Major regions include:
- Australasian Field: Australia (Australites), Southeast Asia (Indochinites, Thailandites, Philippinites).
- Central European Field: Czech Republic & Slovakia (Moldavites).
- Ivory Coast Field: West Africa.
- North American Field: Bediasites (Texas), Georgiaites (Georgia).
Other notable finds include Libyan Desert Glass, Aouelloul Crater in Mauritania, and microtektites in deep-sea sediments.
Types & Shapes of Tektites
Tektites are often classified by shape and formation process:
- Sphere – Found closest to the impact site.
- Dumbbell & Teardrop – Created by spinning molten glass during flight.
- Flanged/Button – Compressed shapes common in Australites.
- Layered (Muong Nong) – Chunky, mineral-rich forms near the crater.
- Microtektites – Tiny impact glass particles found in ocean sediments.
Famous Tektites
- Moldavite – Green, pitted, translucent tektite from the Ries Crater in Germany, found in the Czech Republic. Highly prized by collectors and jewelers.
- Australite – Dark brown to black flanged buttons from Australia.
- Libyan Desert Glass – Yellow-gold layered tektite from the Sahara, used in ancient jewelry, including King Tutankhamun’s pectoral.
Identifying a Tektite
No water content (unlike volcanic obsidian).
High silica content (68–82%).
Hardness of 6–7 on the Mohs scale.
Density between 2.2–2.8 g/cm³.
Distinctive aerodynamic shapes and etched surfaces.
Why Collect Tektites?
Tektites are not just geological curiosities—they’re tangible evidence of cosmic events and planetary history. From spiritual healing to scientific research, these natural impact glasses continue to captivate collectors, jewelers, and researchers alike. Enjoy our Mine to Mind Articles, Meteorites. Shop meteorites-tektites. Explore our E-Book Library. Read our post on meteorites what they are and the different types. You may also enjoy a post on Saffordites.